Therapeutic Pain Specialist
TPS certification. Pain neuroscience education advanced application. Limited outcome studies specific to this credential.
Each lens uses its own dimensions and default weights. Scores answer different questions across paths — they aren’t apples-to-apples. How scoring works →
Advanced pain science application has theoretical basis; TPS-specific outcome studies not available.
Applicable to any patient with chronic or persistent pain; cross-cutting across outpatient, neuro, and behavioral settings.
Pain management billed under standard PT codes; no TPS-specific code; billing value is incidental to clinical training.
Multi-module certificate program; moderate cost and time; several providers offer online options.
Growing demand in pain management and chronic pain rehabilitation settings.
Chronic pain patients value comprehensive understanding of their experience.
Chronic pain patients often pay cash after exhausting insurance routes, especially for PNE programs.
Supports premium positioning in cash-pay pain/wellness niches.
Still uncommon credential with distinct clinical model.
Education-based approach is teachable to staff and group-deliverable.
Moderate — patients seek 'pain specialists' but TPS brand recognition is lower than discipline-wide pain rehab.
Reasonable course load and cost relative to potential niche value.
Aligned with academic pain science movement; respected though not equivalent to board specialty.
Pain science (Moseley/Louw/Butler) has robust publication ecosystem.
Directly strengthens neuro, ortho, and pain modules across DPT curriculum.
Strong RCT and systematic-review base for PNE and modern pain science.
Occasionally preferred but not commonly required in postings.
Moderate time/cost with strong curricular payoff.
- 01Pain neuroscience education with physical activity improves physical and psychological outcomes in older women with chronic low back painT. Abiko; S. Murata; H. Iwase; K. Nonaka; K. Anami; Y. Kikuchi; K. Madoba; K. Shiraiwa · Sci Rep2025Otherdoi:10.1038/s41598-025-23951-7
- 02Unraveling the role of fear and avoidance behavior in chronic musculoskeletal pain: from theory to physical therapy clinical practiceR. K. Alaiti; F. J. J. Reis; T. Arruda-Sanchez; J. P. Caneiro; A. Meulders · Braz J Phys Ther2025Otherdoi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101197
- 03Perceptions and beliefs of physical therapists regarding the mechanisms of manual therapyG. F. Carvalho; W. M. Adamczyk; C. S. Ludes; R. Scharbach; A. Jung; S. Karstens; K. Luedtke; T. M. Szikszay · Braz J Phys Ther2025Otherdoi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101231
- 04Manual therapy with exercise for neck painN. Chacko; A. R. Gross; J. Miller; P. L. Santaguida; S. J. Burnie; G. M. Gelley; J. P. Paquin; M. R. Duranai; P. Langevin; N. Chopra-Tandon; N. T. Chak; J. L. Hoving; P. Bobos · Cochrane Database Syst Rev2025Otherdoi:10.1002/14651858.CD011225.pub2
- 05Perceived factors influencing the success of pain neuroscience education in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studiesF. Ciolan; G. Bertoni; M. Crestani; L. Falsiroli Maistrello; I. Coppola; G. Rossettini; S. Battista · Disabil Rehabil2025Qualitativedoi:10.1080/09638288.2024.2398141
- 06Exploring physiotherapist experiences and beliefs about psychologically informed practice to inform development of a training programmeD. Denneny; R. McLoughlin; F. J. Keefe; C. Price; J. Walumbe; C. Copland; A. Mathieson; T. D. Noblet · Physiotherapy2025Otherdoi:10.1016/j.physio.2025.101808
- 07Pain Neuroscience Education on Reducing Opioid Dependency in African American and Caucasian Populations: A Narrative ReviewA. Granger; E. Mirabelli · J Clin Med2025Narrative reviewdoi:10.3390/jcm14124360
- 08Competency-Based Education: Development of the Entry-Level Pain Entrustable Professional Activities for Workplace-Based AssessmentJ. Helms; K. Zimney; P. Weaver; C. Courtney; C. Wassinger · PTJ: Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal2025Otherdoi:10.1093/ptj/pzaf126
- 09The McKenzie Method delivered by credentialed therapists for chronic low back pain with directional preference: systematic review with meta-analysisV. Hennemann; P. K. Ziegelmann; M. A. Z. Marcolino; B. B. Duncan · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy (Taylor & Francis Ltd)2025Meta-analysisdoi:10.1080/10669817.2024.2408084
- 10Pain science education and exercise interventions for people with knee or hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review, content and meta-analysisA. L. Hurley-Wallace; V. Cheng; W. Bertram; C. Jameson; V. Wylde; K. Whale · BMC Musculoskelet Disord2025Meta-analysisdoi:10.1186/s12891-025-09313-4
- 11Does Integrating Pain Neuroscience Education With Physiotherapy Enhance Outcomes in Chronic Plantar Fasciitis Patients?—Study Protocol for Randomized Clinical TrialR. Kalra; K. Goyal; M. Goyal · Physiotherapy Research International2025RCTdoi:10.1002/pri.70047
- 12Adherence to neck and low back pain clinical practice guidelines based on clinical specialization: a survey of physical therapistsK. Kirker; M. Masaracchio; B. Dewan; M. O'Connell; B. Young · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy (Taylor & Francis Ltd)2025Cross-sectionaldoi:10.1080/10669817.2025.2449977
- 13Is there a correlation between length of employment and receiving a post-professional certification or residency in physical therapy? A pilot studyA. Louw; T. L. Schuemann; K. Smith; L. Benz; K. Zimney · Work2025Pilot/feasibilitydoi:10.1177/10519815251323990
- 14Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of a 'Virtual Patient' with Chronic Low Back Pain: An Education Resource for Physiotherapy Students †K. Thompson; S. Bathe; K. Grafton; N. Jones; D. Spark; L. Trewern; T. van Hille; M. I. Johnson · Healthcare (2227-9032)2025Otherdoi:10.3390/healthcare13070750
- 15Exercise prescription for improving chronic low back pain in adults: a network meta-analysisK. Zhao; P. Zhang; H. Li; L. Li · Front Public Health2025Meta-analysisdoi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1512450
- 16Effects of pain neuroscience education combined with neuromuscular exercises on pain, functional disability and psychological factors in chronic low back pain: A study protocol for a single-blind randomized controlled trialE. Alvani; B. Sheikhi; A. Letafatkar; G. Rossettini · PLoS One2024RCTdoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0309679
- 17Physiotherapy education: Simulation-based learning on biopsychosocial training in chronic pain – A mixed-methods studyD. Barranco-i-Reixachs; C. Bravo; A. Orio; F. Rubí-Carnacea · Fisioterapia2024Otherdoi:10.1016/j.ft.2024.09.002
- 18Patient experiences of referral practices and primary care physiotherapy for chronic nonspecific low back painE. M. Boyle; K. Evans; S. Coates; R. E. Fary; K. Bennell; M. Sterling; T. Rebbeck; D. J. Beales · Physiother Theory Pract2024Otherdoi:10.1080/09593985.2022.2141599
- 19Prevention of non-specific back pain through exercise and education: A systematic review and meta-analysisP. Hernandez-Lucas; R. Leirós-Rodríguez; J. Lopez-Barreiro; J. L. García-Soidán · J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil2024Meta-analysisdoi:10.3233/bmr-230252
- 20Beliefs and practice patterns of spinal thrust manipulation for mechanical low back pain of physical therapists in the state of MinnesotaM. Kuik; D. Calley; R. Buus; J. Hollman · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy (Taylor & Francis Ltd)2024Otherdoi:10.1080/10669817.2023.2279821
- 21A systematic review and meta-analysis of pain neuroscience education for chronic low back pain: short-term outcomes of pain and disabilityX. Ma; R. Chen; W. Li; P. Huang · Physiother Theory Pract2024Meta-analysisdoi:10.1080/09593985.2023.2232003
- 22Physical therapy interventions used to treat individuals with biceps tendinopathy: a scoping reviewA. W. McDevitt; J. L. Young; J. A. Cleland; P. Hiefield; S. J. Snodgrass · Braz J Phys Ther2024Systematic reviewdoi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2023.100586
- 23Therapeutic Patient Education as Part of the Physiotherapy Management of Adults with Headache: A Scoping ReviewS. Mingels; M. Granitzer; K. Luedtke; W. Dankaerts · Curr Pain Headache Rep2024Systematic reviewdoi:10.1007/s11916-024-01253-3
- 24The optimal dose of pain neuroscience education added to an exercise programme for patients with chronic spinal pain: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysisR. Núñez-Cortés; J. Salazar-Méndez; J. Calatayud; A. Malfliet; E. Lluch; G. Mendez-Rebolledo; E. Guzmán-Muñoz; R. López-Bueno; L. Suso-Martí · Pain2024Meta-analysisdoi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003126
- 25Boosting treatment outcomes via the patient-practitioner relationship, treatment-beliefs or therapeutic setting. A systematic review with meta-analysis of contextual effects in chronic musculoskeletal painT. Saueressig; P. J. Owen; H. Pedder; N. K. Arora; M. Simons; S. Kaczorowski; C. T. Miller; L. Donath; D. L. Belavy · J Orthop Sports Phys Ther2024Meta-analysisdoi:10.2519/jospt.2024.12259
- 26Pain neuroscience education in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: an umbrella reviewF. Cuenca-Martínez; L. Suso-Martí; J. Calatayud; F. J. Ferrer-Sargues; V. Muñoz-Alarcos; P. Alba-Quesada; G. Biviá-Roig · Front Neurosci2023Systematic reviewdoi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1272068
- 27Regional vs global physical therapy interventions to treat chronic pain in survivors of trauma: a randomized controlled trialJ. M. Dee; B. Littenberg · J Man Manip Ther2023RCTdoi:10.1080/10669817.2022.2159615
- 28Pain neuroscience education, blended exercises and booster sessions as an effective therapy for pain, functional and psychological factors in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a study protocol for a single-blind randomised controlled trial with 2(2) factorial design during 6-month follow-upZ. Gholami; S. T. Faezi; A. Letafatkar; E. Madreseh · BMJ Open2023RCTdoi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070336
- 29Effect of Physical therapy and Visceral Osteopathic Manipulation in Lower Back Pain: A Comparative StudyS. Hullumani V; A. A. Mammen; J. Rahul · Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy2023Otherdoi:10.37506/ijpot.v17i2.19234
- 30Physical therapist perceptions and use of clinical pain mechanism assessment in the musculoskeletal setting: a survey analysisD. J. Jayaseelan; D. A. Scalzitti; C. A. Courtney · BMC Musculoskelet Disord2023Cross-sectionaldoi:10.1186/s12891-023-06618-0
- 31Effectiveness of Pain Neuroscience Education in Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain and Central Sensitization: A Systematic ReviewB. Lepri; D. Romani; L. Storari; V. Barbari · Int J Environ Res Public Health2023Systematic reviewdoi:10.3390/ijerph20054098
- 32PHYSIOTHERAPY IN CERVICOGENIC HEADACHE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CERTIFIED MULLIGAN CONCEPT® PRACTITIONERS - A DELPHI STUDYY. ÖZel AsliyÜCe; Ö. ÜLger · Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy Rehabilitation2023Narrative reviewdoi:10.21653/tjpr.1026652
- 33Summarizing the effects of different exercise types in chronic neck pain - a systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviewsE. Rasmussen-Barr; M. Halvorsen; T. Bohman; C. Boström; Å. Dedering; R. P. Kuster; C. B. Olsson; G. Rovner; E. Tseli; L. Nilsson-Wikmar; W. J. A. Grooten · BMC Musculoskelet Disord2023Meta-analysisdoi:10.1186/s12891-023-06930-9
- 34A Multimodal Conservative Approach to Treating Migraine: A Physical Therapist's PerspectiveS. Siverling; P. Schultz · Curr Pain Headache Rep2023Narrative reviewdoi:10.1007/s11916-023-01140-3
- 35PRISM—Pain Recovery and Integrative Systems Model: A Process-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Approach for Physical TherapyJ. Tatta; R. M. Pignataro; J. R. Bezner; S. Z. George; C. E. Rothschild · PTJ: Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal2023Otherdoi:10.1093/ptj/pzad077
- 36Pain Science Education Plus Exercise Therapy in Chronic Nonspecific Spinal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Randomized Clinical TrialsL. Bonatesta; J. D. Ruiz-Cárdenas; L. Fernández-Azorín; J. J. Rodríguez-Juan · J Pain2022Meta-analysisdoi:10.1016/j.jpain.2021.09.006
- 37Is the combination of exercise therapy and health education more effective than usual medical care in the prevention of non-specific back pain? A systematic review with meta-analysisP. Hernandez-Lucas; R. Leirós-Rodríguez; J. Lopez-Barreiro; J. L. García-Soidán · Ann Med2022Meta-analysisdoi:10.1080/07853890.2022.2140453
- 38Effects of a single exercise session on pain intensity in adults with chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysisB. Shah; M. A. Wewege; Y. L. Gilanyi; B. K. Clifford; J. J. Devonshire; J. H. McAuley; M. D. Jones · Musculoskelet Sci Pract2022Meta-analysisdoi:10.1016/j.msksp.2022.102679
- 39Limited evidence exists on determinants of physiotherapists' adherence to high value interventions in nonspecific low back pain management: A scoping reviewS. Shah; V. Prakash · Musculoskeletal Care2022Systematic reviewdoi:10.1002/msc.1609
- 40Empowering Physical Therapist Professional Education Programs to Deliver Modern Pain ContentM. H. Shepherd; K. Zimney; M. H. Bement; C. Wassinger; C. Courtney · PTJ: Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal2022Otherdoi:10.1093/ptj/pzac109
- 41Physical activity, self-efficacy and quality of life in patients with chronic pain, assessed during and 1 year after physiotherapy rehabilitation - a prospective follow-up studyE. Varkey; A. Dahlbäck; M. Thulin; M. Börjesson; D. Arvidsson; J. Fridolfsson; P. Andréll · Disabil Rehabil2022Cohort studydoi:10.1080/09638288.2021.1971305
- 42Impact of Pain Neuroscience Education Program in Community Physiotherapy Context on Pain Perception and Psychosocial Variables Associated with It in Elderly Persons: A Ranzomized Controlled TrialJ. Vicente-Mampel; P. Gargallo; I. J. Bautista; P. Blanco-Gímenez; N. de Bernardo Tejedor; M. Alonso-Martín; M. Martínez-Soler; L. Baraja-Vegas · Int J Environ Res Public Health2022Otherdoi:10.3390/ijerph191911855
- 43The Effectiveness of Active Learning Approaches in a Pain Education Curriculum Within a Physical Therapy ProgramJ. T. Helms; T. P. Mayhew; K. J. Zimney · Journal of Physical Therapy Education (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)2021Otherdoi:10.1097/JTE.0000000000000191
- 44Pain Neuroscience Education Combined with Therapeutic Exercises Provides Added Benefit in the Treatment of Chronic Neck PainN. Javdaneh; A. H. Saeterbakken; A. Shams; A. H. Barati · Int J Environ Res Public Health2021Otherdoi:10.3390/ijerph18168848
- 45Attitudes and beliefs on low back pain in physical therapy education: A cross-sectional studyM. Leysen; J. Nijs; P. Van Wilgen; C. Demoulin; W. Dankaerts; L. Danneels; L. Voogt; A. Köke; L. Pitance; N. Roussel · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy2021Cross-sectionaldoi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.08.002
- 46The impact of combining pain education strategies with physical therapy interventions for patients with chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsD. Marris; K. Theophanous; P. Cabezon; Z. Dunlap; M. Donaldson · Physiother Theory Pract2021Meta-analysisdoi:10.1080/09593985.2019.1633714
- 47Training of Physical Therapists to Deliver Individualized Biopsychosocial Interventions to Treat Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions: A Scoping ReviewP. Simpson; R. Holopainen; R. Schütze; P. O'Sullivan; A. Smith; S. J. Linton; M. Nicholas; P. Kent · Phys Ther2021Systematic reviewdoi:10.1093/ptj/pzab188
- 48Hand therapists' knowledge and practice-related beliefs about pain science: A survey studyB. Z. Stern; T.-H. Howe · Journal of Hand Therapy2021Cross-sectionaldoi:10.1016/j.jht.2020.07.007
- 49Pain knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of doctor of physical therapy students: changes across the curriculum and the role of an elective pain science courseC. A. Wassinger · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy (Taylor & Francis Ltd)2021Otherdoi:10.1080/10669817.2021.1879509
- 50Moving from Strategy to Process: An Iterative and Formative Approach to Integrating the IASP Pain Curriculum Guidelines into an Established Physical Therapy ProgramM. L. Wong; N. Kirk-Sanchez · Journal of Allied Health2021OtherPMID 152480593
- 51Factors Impacting Physical Therapy Utilization for Patients With Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Retrospective Analysis of a Clinical Data SetJ. Dolot; M. Hyland; Q. Shi; H.-Y. Kim; D. Viola; C. Hoekstra · Physical Therapy2020Otherdoi:10.1093/ptj/pzaa082
- 52Association between changes in function among patients with lumbar impairments classified according to the STarT Back Screening Tool and managed by McKenzie credentialed physiotherapistsM. W. Werneke; S. Edmond; M. Young; D. Grigsby; B. McClenahan; T. McGill · Taylor & Francis Ltd2020Otherdoi:589-597
- 53An International Survey of Commonly Used Interventions for Management of Pelvic PainM. Alappattu; S. Hilton; M. Bishop · Journal of Women's Health Physical Therapy2019Cross-sectionaldoi:10.1097/JWH.0000000000000131
- 54Physical therapy for patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis: supervised, active treatment is current best practiceS. T. Skou; E. M. Roos · Clin Exp Rheumatol2019OtherPMID 31621559
- 55The Utilization of Spinal Thrust Manipulation by Physical Therapists in New York StateL. Walsh; H. Bicheler; K. Guillermo; B. Wolfley; M. Brown; R. Schenk; M. Ross · Journal of Physical Therapy Education (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)2019Otherdoi:10.1097/JTE.0000000000000095
- 56Effect of physical therapy management of nonspecific low back pain with exercise addiction behaviors: A case seriesS. Anandkumar; M. Manivasagam; V. T. S. Kee; U. Meyding-Lamade · Physiother Theory Pract2018Case seriesdoi:10.1080/09593985.2017.1394410
- 57A Mechanism-Based Approach to Physical Therapist Management of PainR. L. Chimenti; L. A. Frey-Law; K. A. Sluka · Phys Ther2018Otherdoi:10.1093/ptj/pzy030
- 58Neurophysiological Pain Education for Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisH. Tegner; P. Frederiksen; B. A. Esbensen; C. Juhl · Clin J Pain2018Meta-analysisdoi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000594
- 59Effect of pain neurophysiology education on physiotherapy students’ understanding of chronic pain, clinical recommendations and attitudes towards people with chronic pain: a randomised controlled trialG. Colleary; K. O’Sullivan; D. Griffin; C. G. Ryan; D. J. Martin · Physiotherapy2017RCTdoi:10.1016/j.physio.2017.01.006
- 60Knowledge, behaviors, attitudes and beliefs of physiotherapists towards the use of psychological interventions in physiotherapy practice: a systematic reviewC. Driver; B. Kean; F. Oprescu; G. P. Lovell · Disabil Rehabil2017Systematic reviewdoi:10.1080/09638288.2016.1223176
- 61Physiotherapists' beliefs and attitudes influence clinical practice in chronic low back pain: a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studiesT. Gardner; K. Refshauge; L. Smith; J. McAuley; M. Hübscher; S. Goodall · J Physiother2017Systematic reviewdoi:10.1016/j.jphys.2017.05.017
- 62Physical activity and exercise for chronic pain in adults: an overview of Cochrane ReviewsL. J. Geneen; R. A. Moore; C. Clarke; D. Martin; L. A. Colvin; B. H. Smith · Cochrane Database Syst Rev2017Narrative reviewdoi:10.1002/14651858.CD011279.pub2
- 63Cervical Traction for Managing Neck Pain: A Survey of Physical Therapists in the United StatesT. J. Madson; J. H. Hollman · Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy2017Cross-sectionaldoi:10.2519/jospt.2017.6914
- 64Reconciling movement and exercise with pain neuroscience education: A case for consistent educationC. Blickenstaff; N. Pearson · Physiother Theory Pract2016Otherdoi:10.1080/09593985.2016.1194653
- 65Listening is therapy: Patient interviewing from a pain science perspectiveI. Diener; M. Kargela; A. Louw · Physiother Theory Pract2016Narrative reviewdoi:10.1080/09593985.2016.1194648
- 66The clinical application of teaching people about painA. Louw; K. Zimney; C. O'Hotto; S. Hilton · Physiother Theory Pract2016Otherdoi:10.1080/09593985.2016.1194652
- 67The efficacy of pain neuroscience education on musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review of the literatureA. Louw; K. Zimney; E. J. Puentedura; I. Diener · Physiother Theory Pract2016Systematic reviewdoi:10.1080/09593985.2016.1194646
- 68Combining manual therapy with pain neuroscience education in the treatment of chronic low back pain: A narrative review of the literatureE. J. Puentedura; T. Flynn · Physiother Theory Pract2016Narrative reviewdoi:10.1080/09593985.2016.1194663
- 69Physiotherapy for pain and disability in adults with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) types I and IIK. M. Smart; B. M. Wand; N. E. O'Connell · Cochrane Database Syst Rev2016Otherdoi:10.1002/14651858.CD010853.pub2
- 70Clinical biopsychosocial physiotherapy assessment of patients with chronic pain: The first step in pain neuroscience educationA. J. Wijma; C. P. van Wilgen; M. Meeus; J. Nijs · Physiother Theory Pract2016Otherdoi:10.1080/09593985.2016.1194651
- 71Physical therapists' level of mckenzie education, functional outcomes, and utilization in patients with low back painD. Deutscher; M. W. Werneke; D. Gottlieb; J. M. Fritz; L. Resnik · Journal of the Israeli Physical Therapy Society (JIPTS)2015OtherPMID 108467420
- 72Knowledge translation from continuing education to physiotherapy practice in classifying patients with low back painE. Karvonen; M. Paatelma; J.-P. Kesonen; A. O. Heinonen · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy (Taylor & Francis Ltd)2015Otherdoi:10.1179/2042618614Y.0000000091
- 73Lumbar Traction for Managing Low Back Pain: A Survey of Physical Therapists in the United StatesT. J. Madson; J. H. Hollman · Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy2015Cross-sectionaldoi:10.2519/jospt.2015.6036