Credential · Certification

Therapeutic Pain Specialist

PT73 citations · 3 lenses

TPS certification. Pain neuroscience education advanced application. Limited outcome studies specific to this credential.

Scores · default weights
Clinical
51/100
Business
54/100
Academic Clinical
63/100

Each lens uses its own dimensions and default weights. Scores answer different questions across paths — they aren’t apples-to-apples. How scoring works →

Clinical breakdown
Clinical outcomes×35%
36/100

Advanced pain science application has theoretical basis; TPS-specific outcome studies not available.

Caseload applicability×15%
80/100

Applicable to any patient with chronic or persistent pain; cross-cutting across outpatient, neuro, and behavioral settings.

Billing & reimbursement×15%
52/100

Pain management billed under standard PT codes; no TPS-specific code; billing value is incidental to clinical training.

Certification investment×20%
55/100

Multi-module certificate program; moderate cost and time; several providers offer online options.

Employer demand×10%
55/100

Growing demand in pain management and chronic pain rehabilitation settings.

Patient experience×5%
38/100

Chronic pain patients value comprehensive understanding of their experience.

Business breakdown
Cash-pay viability×25%
55/100

Chronic pain patients often pay cash after exhausting insurance routes, especially for PNE programs.

Pricing leverage×20%
55/100

Supports premium positioning in cash-pay pain/wellness niches.

Market differentiation×15%
60/100

Still uncommon credential with distinct clinical model.

Owner leverage×15%
60/100

Education-based approach is teachable to staff and group-deliverable.

Consumer demand×15%
40/100

Moderate — patients seek 'pain specialists' but TPS brand recognition is lower than discipline-wide pain rehab.

Credential investment×10%
50/100

Reasonable course load and cost relative to potential niche value.

Academic Clinical breakdown
Faculty recognition×25%
55/100

Aligned with academic pain science movement; respected though not equivalent to board specialty.

Scholarship signal×20%
75/100

Pain science (Moseley/Louw/Butler) has robust publication ecosystem.

Teaching value×15%
70/100

Directly strengthens neuro, ortho, and pain modules across DPT curriculum.

Evidence depth×20%
75/100

Strong RCT and systematic-review base for PNE and modern pain science.

Faculty demand×10%
35/100

Occasionally preferred but not commonly required in postings.

Credential investment×10%
50/100

Moderate time/cost with strong curricular payoff.

Evidence base · 73 sources
  1. 01
    Pain neuroscience education with physical activity improves physical and psychological outcomes in older women with chronic low back pain
    T. Abiko; S. Murata; H. Iwase; K. Nonaka; K. Anami; Y. Kikuchi; K. Madoba; K. Shiraiwa · Sci Rep2025
    Otherdoi:10.1038/s41598-025-23951-7
  2. 02
    Unraveling the role of fear and avoidance behavior in chronic musculoskeletal pain: from theory to physical therapy clinical practice
    R. K. Alaiti; F. J. J. Reis; T. Arruda-Sanchez; J. P. Caneiro; A. Meulders · Braz J Phys Ther2025
    Otherdoi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101197
  3. 03
    Perceptions and beliefs of physical therapists regarding the mechanisms of manual therapy
    G. F. Carvalho; W. M. Adamczyk; C. S. Ludes; R. Scharbach; A. Jung; S. Karstens; K. Luedtke; T. M. Szikszay · Braz J Phys Ther2025
    Otherdoi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101231
  4. 04
    Manual therapy with exercise for neck pain
    N. Chacko; A. R. Gross; J. Miller; P. L. Santaguida; S. J. Burnie; G. M. Gelley; J. P. Paquin; M. R. Duranai; P. Langevin; N. Chopra-Tandon; N. T. Chak; J. L. Hoving; P. Bobos · Cochrane Database Syst Rev2025
    Otherdoi:10.1002/14651858.CD011225.pub2
  5. 05
    Perceived factors influencing the success of pain neuroscience education in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies
    F. Ciolan; G. Bertoni; M. Crestani; L. Falsiroli Maistrello; I. Coppola; G. Rossettini; S. Battista · Disabil Rehabil2025
    Qualitativedoi:10.1080/09638288.2024.2398141
  6. 06
    Exploring physiotherapist experiences and beliefs about psychologically informed practice to inform development of a training programme
    D. Denneny; R. McLoughlin; F. J. Keefe; C. Price; J. Walumbe; C. Copland; A. Mathieson; T. D. Noblet · Physiotherapy2025
    Otherdoi:10.1016/j.physio.2025.101808
  7. 07
    Pain Neuroscience Education on Reducing Opioid Dependency in African American and Caucasian Populations: A Narrative Review
    A. Granger; E. Mirabelli · J Clin Med2025
    Narrative reviewdoi:10.3390/jcm14124360
  8. 08
    Competency-Based Education: Development of the Entry-Level Pain Entrustable Professional Activities for Workplace-Based Assessment
    J. Helms; K. Zimney; P. Weaver; C. Courtney; C. Wassinger · PTJ: Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal2025
    Otherdoi:10.1093/ptj/pzaf126
  9. 09
    The McKenzie Method delivered by credentialed therapists for chronic low back pain with directional preference: systematic review with meta-analysis
    V. Hennemann; P. K. Ziegelmann; M. A. Z. Marcolino; B. B. Duncan · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy (Taylor & Francis Ltd)2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1080/10669817.2024.2408084
  10. 10
    Pain science education and exercise interventions for people with knee or hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review, content and meta-analysis
    A. L. Hurley-Wallace; V. Cheng; W. Bertram; C. Jameson; V. Wylde; K. Whale · BMC Musculoskelet Disord2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1186/s12891-025-09313-4
  11. 11
    Does Integrating Pain Neuroscience Education With Physiotherapy Enhance Outcomes in Chronic Plantar Fasciitis Patients?—Study Protocol for Randomized Clinical Trial
    R. Kalra; K. Goyal; M. Goyal · Physiotherapy Research International2025
    RCTdoi:10.1002/pri.70047
  12. 12
    Adherence to neck and low back pain clinical practice guidelines based on clinical specialization: a survey of physical therapists
    K. Kirker; M. Masaracchio; B. Dewan; M. O'Connell; B. Young · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy (Taylor & Francis Ltd)2025
    Cross-sectionaldoi:10.1080/10669817.2025.2449977
  13. 13
    Is there a correlation between length of employment and receiving a post-professional certification or residency in physical therapy? A pilot study
    A. Louw; T. L. Schuemann; K. Smith; L. Benz; K. Zimney · Work2025
    Pilot/feasibilitydoi:10.1177/10519815251323990
  14. 14
    Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of a 'Virtual Patient' with Chronic Low Back Pain: An Education Resource for Physiotherapy Students †
    K. Thompson; S. Bathe; K. Grafton; N. Jones; D. Spark; L. Trewern; T. van Hille; M. I. Johnson · Healthcare (2227-9032)2025
    Otherdoi:10.3390/healthcare13070750
  15. 15
    Exercise prescription for improving chronic low back pain in adults: a network meta-analysis
    K. Zhao; P. Zhang; H. Li; L. Li · Front Public Health2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1512450
  16. 16
    Effects of pain neuroscience education combined with neuromuscular exercises on pain, functional disability and psychological factors in chronic low back pain: A study protocol for a single-blind randomized controlled trial
    E. Alvani; B. Sheikhi; A. Letafatkar; G. Rossettini · PLoS One2024
    RCTdoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0309679
  17. 17
    Physiotherapy education: Simulation-based learning on biopsychosocial training in chronic pain – A mixed-methods study
    D. Barranco-i-Reixachs; C. Bravo; A. Orio; F. Rubí-Carnacea · Fisioterapia2024
    Otherdoi:10.1016/j.ft.2024.09.002
  18. 18
    Patient experiences of referral practices and primary care physiotherapy for chronic nonspecific low back pain
    E. M. Boyle; K. Evans; S. Coates; R. E. Fary; K. Bennell; M. Sterling; T. Rebbeck; D. J. Beales · Physiother Theory Pract2024
    Otherdoi:10.1080/09593985.2022.2141599
  19. 19
    Prevention of non-specific back pain through exercise and education: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    P. Hernandez-Lucas; R. Leirós-Rodríguez; J. Lopez-Barreiro; J. L. García-Soidán · J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.3233/bmr-230252
  20. 20
    Beliefs and practice patterns of spinal thrust manipulation for mechanical low back pain of physical therapists in the state of Minnesota
    M. Kuik; D. Calley; R. Buus; J. Hollman · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy (Taylor & Francis Ltd)2024
    Otherdoi:10.1080/10669817.2023.2279821
  21. 21
    A systematic review and meta-analysis of pain neuroscience education for chronic low back pain: short-term outcomes of pain and disability
    X. Ma; R. Chen; W. Li; P. Huang · Physiother Theory Pract2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1080/09593985.2023.2232003
  22. 22
    Physical therapy interventions used to treat individuals with biceps tendinopathy: a scoping review
    A. W. McDevitt; J. L. Young; J. A. Cleland; P. Hiefield; S. J. Snodgrass · Braz J Phys Ther2024
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2023.100586
  23. 23
    Therapeutic Patient Education as Part of the Physiotherapy Management of Adults with Headache: A Scoping Review
    S. Mingels; M. Granitzer; K. Luedtke; W. Dankaerts · Curr Pain Headache Rep2024
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1007/s11916-024-01253-3
  24. 24
    The optimal dose of pain neuroscience education added to an exercise programme for patients with chronic spinal pain: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
    R. Núñez-Cortés; J. Salazar-Méndez; J. Calatayud; A. Malfliet; E. Lluch; G. Mendez-Rebolledo; E. Guzmán-Muñoz; R. López-Bueno; L. Suso-Martí · Pain2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003126
  25. 25
    Boosting treatment outcomes via the patient-practitioner relationship, treatment-beliefs or therapeutic setting. A systematic review with meta-analysis of contextual effects in chronic musculoskeletal pain
    T. Saueressig; P. J. Owen; H. Pedder; N. K. Arora; M. Simons; S. Kaczorowski; C. T. Miller; L. Donath; D. L. Belavy · J Orthop Sports Phys Ther2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.2519/jospt.2024.12259
  26. 26
    Pain neuroscience education in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: an umbrella review
    F. Cuenca-Martínez; L. Suso-Martí; J. Calatayud; F. J. Ferrer-Sargues; V. Muñoz-Alarcos; P. Alba-Quesada; G. Biviá-Roig · Front Neurosci2023
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1272068
  27. 27
    Regional vs global physical therapy interventions to treat chronic pain in survivors of trauma: a randomized controlled trial
    J. M. Dee; B. Littenberg · J Man Manip Ther2023
    RCTdoi:10.1080/10669817.2022.2159615
  28. 28
    Pain neuroscience education, blended exercises and booster sessions as an effective therapy for pain, functional and psychological factors in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a study protocol for a single-blind randomised controlled trial with 2(2) factorial design during 6-month follow-up
    Z. Gholami; S. T. Faezi; A. Letafatkar; E. Madreseh · BMJ Open2023
    RCTdoi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070336
  29. 29
    Effect of Physical therapy and Visceral Osteopathic Manipulation in Lower Back Pain: A Comparative Study
    S. Hullumani V; A. A. Mammen; J. Rahul · Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy2023
    Otherdoi:10.37506/ijpot.v17i2.19234
  30. 30
    Physical therapist perceptions and use of clinical pain mechanism assessment in the musculoskeletal setting: a survey analysis
    D. J. Jayaseelan; D. A. Scalzitti; C. A. Courtney · BMC Musculoskelet Disord2023
    Cross-sectionaldoi:10.1186/s12891-023-06618-0
  31. 31
    Effectiveness of Pain Neuroscience Education in Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain and Central Sensitization: A Systematic Review
    B. Lepri; D. Romani; L. Storari; V. Barbari · Int J Environ Res Public Health2023
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.3390/ijerph20054098
  32. 32
    PHYSIOTHERAPY IN CERVICOGENIC HEADACHE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CERTIFIED MULLIGAN CONCEPT® PRACTITIONERS - A DELPHI STUDY
    Y. ÖZel AsliyÜCe; Ö. ÜLger · Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy Rehabilitation2023
    Narrative reviewdoi:10.21653/tjpr.1026652
  33. 33
    Summarizing the effects of different exercise types in chronic neck pain - a systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviews
    E. Rasmussen-Barr; M. Halvorsen; T. Bohman; C. Boström; Å. Dedering; R. P. Kuster; C. B. Olsson; G. Rovner; E. Tseli; L. Nilsson-Wikmar; W. J. A. Grooten · BMC Musculoskelet Disord2023
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1186/s12891-023-06930-9
  34. 34
    A Multimodal Conservative Approach to Treating Migraine: A Physical Therapist's Perspective
    S. Siverling; P. Schultz · Curr Pain Headache Rep2023
    Narrative reviewdoi:10.1007/s11916-023-01140-3
  35. 35
    PRISM—Pain Recovery and Integrative Systems Model: A Process-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Approach for Physical Therapy
    J. Tatta; R. M. Pignataro; J. R. Bezner; S. Z. George; C. E. Rothschild · PTJ: Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal2023
    Otherdoi:10.1093/ptj/pzad077
  36. 36
    Pain Science Education Plus Exercise Therapy in Chronic Nonspecific Spinal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Randomized Clinical Trials
    L. Bonatesta; J. D. Ruiz-Cárdenas; L. Fernández-Azorín; J. J. Rodríguez-Juan · J Pain2022
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1016/j.jpain.2021.09.006
  37. 37
    Is the combination of exercise therapy and health education more effective than usual medical care in the prevention of non-specific back pain? A systematic review with meta-analysis
    P. Hernandez-Lucas; R. Leirós-Rodríguez; J. Lopez-Barreiro; J. L. García-Soidán · Ann Med2022
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1080/07853890.2022.2140453
  38. 38
    Effects of a single exercise session on pain intensity in adults with chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    B. Shah; M. A. Wewege; Y. L. Gilanyi; B. K. Clifford; J. J. Devonshire; J. H. McAuley; M. D. Jones · Musculoskelet Sci Pract2022
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1016/j.msksp.2022.102679
  39. 39
    Limited evidence exists on determinants of physiotherapists' adherence to high value interventions in nonspecific low back pain management: A scoping review
    S. Shah; V. Prakash · Musculoskeletal Care2022
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1002/msc.1609
  40. 40
    Empowering Physical Therapist Professional Education Programs to Deliver Modern Pain Content
    M. H. Shepherd; K. Zimney; M. H. Bement; C. Wassinger; C. Courtney · PTJ: Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal2022
    Otherdoi:10.1093/ptj/pzac109
  41. 41
    Physical activity, self-efficacy and quality of life in patients with chronic pain, assessed during and 1 year after physiotherapy rehabilitation - a prospective follow-up study
    E. Varkey; A. Dahlbäck; M. Thulin; M. Börjesson; D. Arvidsson; J. Fridolfsson; P. Andréll · Disabil Rehabil2022
    Cohort studydoi:10.1080/09638288.2021.1971305
  42. 42
    Impact of Pain Neuroscience Education Program in Community Physiotherapy Context on Pain Perception and Psychosocial Variables Associated with It in Elderly Persons: A Ranzomized Controlled Trial
    J. Vicente-Mampel; P. Gargallo; I. J. Bautista; P. Blanco-Gímenez; N. de Bernardo Tejedor; M. Alonso-Martín; M. Martínez-Soler; L. Baraja-Vegas · Int J Environ Res Public Health2022
    Otherdoi:10.3390/ijerph191911855
  43. 43
    The Effectiveness of Active Learning Approaches in a Pain Education Curriculum Within a Physical Therapy Program
    J. T. Helms; T. P. Mayhew; K. J. Zimney · Journal of Physical Therapy Education (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)2021
    Otherdoi:10.1097/JTE.0000000000000191
  44. 44
    Pain Neuroscience Education Combined with Therapeutic Exercises Provides Added Benefit in the Treatment of Chronic Neck Pain
    N. Javdaneh; A. H. Saeterbakken; A. Shams; A. H. Barati · Int J Environ Res Public Health2021
    Otherdoi:10.3390/ijerph18168848
  45. 45
    Attitudes and beliefs on low back pain in physical therapy education: A cross-sectional study
    M. Leysen; J. Nijs; P. Van Wilgen; C. Demoulin; W. Dankaerts; L. Danneels; L. Voogt; A. Köke; L. Pitance; N. Roussel · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy2021
    Cross-sectionaldoi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.08.002
  46. 46
    The impact of combining pain education strategies with physical therapy interventions for patients with chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    D. Marris; K. Theophanous; P. Cabezon; Z. Dunlap; M. Donaldson · Physiother Theory Pract2021
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1080/09593985.2019.1633714
  47. 47
    Training of Physical Therapists to Deliver Individualized Biopsychosocial Interventions to Treat Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions: A Scoping Review
    P. Simpson; R. Holopainen; R. Schütze; P. O'Sullivan; A. Smith; S. J. Linton; M. Nicholas; P. Kent · Phys Ther2021
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1093/ptj/pzab188
  48. 48
    Hand therapists' knowledge and practice-related beliefs about pain science: A survey study
    B. Z. Stern; T.-H. Howe · Journal of Hand Therapy2021
    Cross-sectionaldoi:10.1016/j.jht.2020.07.007
  49. 49
    Pain knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of doctor of physical therapy students: changes across the curriculum and the role of an elective pain science course
    C. A. Wassinger · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy (Taylor & Francis Ltd)2021
    Otherdoi:10.1080/10669817.2021.1879509
  50. 50
    Moving from Strategy to Process: An Iterative and Formative Approach to Integrating the IASP Pain Curriculum Guidelines into an Established Physical Therapy Program
    M. L. Wong; N. Kirk-Sanchez · Journal of Allied Health2021
    OtherPMID 152480593
  51. 51
    Factors Impacting Physical Therapy Utilization for Patients With Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Retrospective Analysis of a Clinical Data Set
    J. Dolot; M. Hyland; Q. Shi; H.-Y. Kim; D. Viola; C. Hoekstra · Physical Therapy2020
    Otherdoi:10.1093/ptj/pzaa082
  52. 52
    Association between changes in function among patients with lumbar impairments classified according to the STarT Back Screening Tool and managed by McKenzie credentialed physiotherapists
    M. W. Werneke; S. Edmond; M. Young; D. Grigsby; B. McClenahan; T. McGill · Taylor & Francis Ltd2020
    Otherdoi:589-597
  53. 53
    An International Survey of Commonly Used Interventions for Management of Pelvic Pain
    M. Alappattu; S. Hilton; M. Bishop · Journal of Women's Health Physical Therapy2019
    Cross-sectionaldoi:10.1097/JWH.0000000000000131
  54. 54
    Physical therapy for patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis: supervised, active treatment is current best practice
    S. T. Skou; E. M. Roos · Clin Exp Rheumatol2019
    OtherPMID 31621559
  55. 55
    The Utilization of Spinal Thrust Manipulation by Physical Therapists in New York State
    L. Walsh; H. Bicheler; K. Guillermo; B. Wolfley; M. Brown; R. Schenk; M. Ross · Journal of Physical Therapy Education (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)2019
    Otherdoi:10.1097/JTE.0000000000000095
  56. 56
    Effect of physical therapy management of nonspecific low back pain with exercise addiction behaviors: A case series
    S. Anandkumar; M. Manivasagam; V. T. S. Kee; U. Meyding-Lamade · Physiother Theory Pract2018
    Case seriesdoi:10.1080/09593985.2017.1394410
  57. 57
    A Mechanism-Based Approach to Physical Therapist Management of Pain
    R. L. Chimenti; L. A. Frey-Law; K. A. Sluka · Phys Ther2018
    Otherdoi:10.1093/ptj/pzy030
  58. 58
    Neurophysiological Pain Education for Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    H. Tegner; P. Frederiksen; B. A. Esbensen; C. Juhl · Clin J Pain2018
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000594
  59. 59
    Effect of pain neurophysiology education on physiotherapy students’ understanding of chronic pain, clinical recommendations and attitudes towards people with chronic pain: a randomised controlled trial
    G. Colleary; K. O’Sullivan; D. Griffin; C. G. Ryan; D. J. Martin · Physiotherapy2017
    RCTdoi:10.1016/j.physio.2017.01.006
  60. 60
    Knowledge, behaviors, attitudes and beliefs of physiotherapists towards the use of psychological interventions in physiotherapy practice: a systematic review
    C. Driver; B. Kean; F. Oprescu; G. P. Lovell · Disabil Rehabil2017
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1080/09638288.2016.1223176
  61. 61
    Physiotherapists' beliefs and attitudes influence clinical practice in chronic low back pain: a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies
    T. Gardner; K. Refshauge; L. Smith; J. McAuley; M. Hübscher; S. Goodall · J Physiother2017
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1016/j.jphys.2017.05.017
  62. 62
    Physical activity and exercise for chronic pain in adults: an overview of Cochrane Reviews
    L. J. Geneen; R. A. Moore; C. Clarke; D. Martin; L. A. Colvin; B. H. Smith · Cochrane Database Syst Rev2017
    Narrative reviewdoi:10.1002/14651858.CD011279.pub2
  63. 63
    Cervical Traction for Managing Neck Pain: A Survey of Physical Therapists in the United States
    T. J. Madson; J. H. Hollman · Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy2017
    Cross-sectionaldoi:10.2519/jospt.2017.6914
  64. 64
    Reconciling movement and exercise with pain neuroscience education: A case for consistent education
    C. Blickenstaff; N. Pearson · Physiother Theory Pract2016
    Otherdoi:10.1080/09593985.2016.1194653
  65. 65
    Listening is therapy: Patient interviewing from a pain science perspective
    I. Diener; M. Kargela; A. Louw · Physiother Theory Pract2016
    Narrative reviewdoi:10.1080/09593985.2016.1194648
  66. 66
    The clinical application of teaching people about pain
    A. Louw; K. Zimney; C. O'Hotto; S. Hilton · Physiother Theory Pract2016
    Otherdoi:10.1080/09593985.2016.1194652
  67. 67
    The efficacy of pain neuroscience education on musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review of the literature
    A. Louw; K. Zimney; E. J. Puentedura; I. Diener · Physiother Theory Pract2016
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1080/09593985.2016.1194646
  68. 68
    Combining manual therapy with pain neuroscience education in the treatment of chronic low back pain: A narrative review of the literature
    E. J. Puentedura; T. Flynn · Physiother Theory Pract2016
    Narrative reviewdoi:10.1080/09593985.2016.1194663
  69. 69
    Physiotherapy for pain and disability in adults with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) types I and II
    K. M. Smart; B. M. Wand; N. E. O'Connell · Cochrane Database Syst Rev2016
    Otherdoi:10.1002/14651858.CD010853.pub2
  70. 70
    Clinical biopsychosocial physiotherapy assessment of patients with chronic pain: The first step in pain neuroscience education
    A. J. Wijma; C. P. van Wilgen; M. Meeus; J. Nijs · Physiother Theory Pract2016
    Otherdoi:10.1080/09593985.2016.1194651
  71. 71
    Physical therapists' level of mckenzie education, functional outcomes, and utilization in patients with low back pain
    D. Deutscher; M. W. Werneke; D. Gottlieb; J. M. Fritz; L. Resnik · Journal of the Israeli Physical Therapy Society (JIPTS)2015
    OtherPMID 108467420
  72. 72
    Knowledge translation from continuing education to physiotherapy practice in classifying patients with low back pain
    E. Karvonen; M. Paatelma; J.-P. Kesonen; A. O. Heinonen · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy (Taylor & Francis Ltd)2015
    Otherdoi:10.1179/2042618614Y.0000000091
  73. 73
    Lumbar Traction for Managing Low Back Pain: A Survey of Physical Therapists in the United States
    T. J. Madson; J. H. Hollman · Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy2015
    Cross-sectionaldoi:10.2519/jospt.2015.6036
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