Cardiovascular/Pulmonary Specialist
ABPTS CCS board certification. No certification-specific outcome studies despite high-need population.
Each lens uses its own dimensions and default weights. Scores answer different questions across paths — they aren’t apples-to-apples. How scoring works →
Cardiopulmonary PT interventions are well-evidenced; CCS-specific outcomes not studied.
Applicable in cardiopulmonary and ICU PT settings; limited outside these specialized environments.
No CCS billing premium; standard cardiopulmonary PT billing applies.
ABPTS CCS exam plus 2,000 hours experience; major career investment.
Moderate demand in cardiac rehab support and cardiopulmonary PT roles.
Patients with heart/lung conditions value specialized PT.
CCS practice lives in acute care, ICU, and cardiac rehab — virtually no cash-pay consumer market.
No consumer brand and patient population is insurance/Medicare-funded.
One of the rarest ABPTS specialties, but the rarity isn't visible to consumers.
Institutional-only setting; you cannot build a scalable cash practice around CCS.
Almost zero direct-to-consumer demand; demand is hospital-based.
Requires residency or 2000 hours plus board exam — large investment for poor business ROI.
ABPTS board specialty — heavily weighted for DPT faculty hiring and CAPTE accreditation needs, especially in a thin specialty area.
CCS holders are typically residency-trained and active in cardiopulm research.
Directly maps to required cardiopulmonary content in every DPT curriculum.
Cardiac and pulmonary rehab have robust RCT and systematic-review evidence.
Cardiopulm faculty are chronically scarce; CCS is highly sought in DPT job postings.
Long residency/practice path, but academic payoff is high relative to other specialty options.
- 01Cardiorespiratory training post stroke: from guidelines to clinical practice. A qualitative studyK. Ashmore; A. Malone · Disability & Rehabilitation2026Qualitativedoi:10.1080/09638288.2025.2527350
- 02ASSOBRAFIR clinical practice guidelines in respiratory physical therapy: Exercise-based interventions in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)C. A. Camillo; V. A. P. Di Lorenzo; C. Malaguti; C. R. F. de Carvalho; E. M. C. Ramos; F. O. Pitta; M. Velloso; N. A. Hernandes; R. Mesquita; R. G. Mendes; A. Pinto; A. Fernandes; A. A. Gulart; B. M. F. Silveira; C. C. Oliveira; D. G. Ohara; D. R. S. Vieira; H. L. A. Pereira; J. F. Arcuri; K. S. Monteiro; K. D. S. Isoppo; L. C. Fontanela; L. M. T. Neves; L. P. Cahalin; L. T. A. Janahú; L. P. S. Mendes; M. F. Formiga; M. Karloh; M. M. Reboredo; P. Rehder-Santos; R. M. Abreu; R. S. B. Rocha; S. R. Carneiro; T. A. Santino; V. S. Q. Melo; F. O. S. Mesquita; L. A. P. Cacau; G. Cipriano, Jr.; F. C. Lanza · Braz J Phys Ther2026Otherdoi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101539
- 03A Comparison of Combined Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Chest Physiotherapy versus Chest Physiotherapy alone in BronchiectasisM. Ahmad; F. Ahmad; N. Abbass · Pakistan Journal of Chest Medicine2025OtherPMID 189540854
- 04Navigating The Path: Barriers and Motivators for Physical Therapy Students Pursuing Residency Programs or Board CertificationL. Butler; A. L. Thomas; E. Alvarez; D. Capote; T. Munecas; A. Adjei; E. Estevez; R. Haller; I. Satizabal; L. Valdesuso; M. D. Rossi · Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences & Practice2025OtherPMID 188764655
- 05Efficacy of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation in the Cardiovascular Deconditioning of Post-Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisA. K. Chasiotis; M. Papadopoulou; V. Giannopapas; V. Smyrni; A. Theodorou; E. Bakola; D. K. Kitsos; K. Stavrogianni; D. Stasinopoulos; D. Bakalidou; G. Tsivgoulis; S. Giannopoulos · J Clin Med2025Meta-analysisdoi:10.3390/jcm14103327
- 06Cardiovascular Science and Physical Therapy: Improving Heart Health Through Tailored Rehabilitation ProgramsS. Chaughule · Journal of Medical & Health Studies2025Otherdoi:10.32996/jmhs.2024.6.1.5
- 07Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Aerobic Exercise Combined with Respiratory Training on Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseN. Huang; L. Peng; H. Li; J. Si; L. Shi; Y. Wang; J. Liao; L. Sun · Copd2025Meta-analysisdoi:10.1080/15412555.2025.2519598
- 08ASSOBRAFIR clinical practice guidelines in cardiovascular physical therapy: Exercise-based interventions in outpatient rehabilitation programs for heart failureM. Karsten; G. Gardenghi; A. C. T. Arruda; A. M. Catai; A. M. Vieira; C. Stein; C. L. P. de Araujo; D. A. G. Pereira; D. L. Matte; F. M. F. da Silva; F. S. Guimarães; G. L. M. Ghisi; G. R. S. Chiappa; G. Sbruzzi; G. F. B. Cipriano; G. D. S. Ribeiro; J. Milani; L. M. T. Neves; L. Calegari; L. A. Morais; L. Capalonga; L. F. Deresz; P. D. Lago; P. S. Campos; R. M. Macedo; R. D. M. Plentz; S. L. S. Menezes; V. Filho; V. Z. M. Silva; V. O. Carvalho; W. M. Medeiros; F. C. Lanza; G. Cipriano, Jr. · Braz J Phys Ther2025Otherdoi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2025.101260
- 09Effects of cardiorespiratory physiotherapy on cardiovascular fitness in patients with stroke: A systematic review and network meta-analysisS. H. Kim; S. H. Cho · Medicine (Baltimore)2025Meta-analysisdoi:10.1097/md.0000000000045286
- 10Effects of cardiorespiratory physiotherapy on balance and gait in stroke: a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trialsS. H. Kim; S. H. Cho · Disability & Rehabilitation2025Meta-analysisdoi:10.1080/09638288.2024.2434649
- 11Clinical Efficacy of Respiratory Exercise for Respiratory Function in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Network Meta-AnalysisS. H. Kim; S. H. Cho · PTJ: Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal2025Meta-analysisdoi:10.1093/ptj/pzaf112
- 12Effects of cardiorespiratory physiotherapy on lung function in stroke: a network meta-analysisS.-H. Kim; S.-H. Cho · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation2025Meta-analysisdoi:10.1080/10749357.2024.2417647
- 13Are Australian physiotherapists and exercise physiologists interested in providing pulmonary rehabilitation in primary care? A national surveyJ. A. Walsh; S. M. Dennis; J. A. Alison; J. M. Thom; K. Herrmann; H. Fisher; Z. J. McKeough; M. T. Dale · Australian Journal of Primary Health2025Cross-sectionaldoi:10.1071/PY25175
- 14High-intensity interval training improves cardiovascular and physical health in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a multicentre randomised controlled trialA. Bilberg; K. Mannerkorpi; M. Borjesson; S. Svedlund; J. Sivertsson; E. Klingberg; J. Bjersing · Br J Sports Med2024RCTdoi:10.1136/bjsports-2024-108369
- 15ONLINE LEARNING SELF-EFFICACY IN CARDIOPULMONARY PHYSIOTHERAPY: PERCEPTIONS OF NEW GRADUATESH. E. Böber; M. Yıldırım; A. Açıkgöz · Journal of Basic & Clinical Health Sciences2024Otherdoi:10.30621/jbachs.1293936
- 16Preoperative physiotherapy prevents postoperative pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery: a meta-analysis of individual patient dataI. Boden; J. Reeve; A. Jernås; L. Denehy; M. Fagevik Olsén · Journal of Physiotherapy (Elsevier)2024Meta-analysisdoi:10.1016/j.jphys.2024.02.012
- 17Pulmonary rehabilitation with balance training for fall reduction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trialQ. Hao; D. Brooks; C. Ellerton; R. Goldstein; A. L. Lee; J. A. Alison; G. Dechman; K. J. Haines; S. L. Harrison; A. E. Holland; A. Marques; L. Spencer; M. K. Stickland; E. H. Skinner; P. G. Camp; J. Ma; M. K. Beauchamp · BMC Pulm Med2024RCTdoi:10.1186/s12890-024-03215-2
- 18Implementation of cardiac enhanced recovery after surgery at Lausanne University Hospital, our roadbook to certificationZ. Ltaief; M. Verdugo-Marchese; D. Carel; Z. Gunga; A. Nowacka; V. Melly; V. Addor; C. Botteau; M. Hennemann; L. Lavanchy; M. Kirsch; V. Rancati · Interdiscip Cardiovasc Thorac Surg2024Otherdoi:10.1093/icvts/ivae118
- 19Effect of Adding a Program of Contextualized, Personalized, Remote Physical Activity Support to Conventional Cardiac RehabilitationP. Meenamkuzhy-Hariharan; K. F. Tew; E. J. Cranwell; L. M. Birkinshaw; A. Eleuteri; M. Fisher · J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev2024Otherdoi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000859
- 20Inspiratory Training for Improving Respiratory Strength, Pulmonary Function, and Walking in Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-AnalysisK. K. P. Menezes; P. R. Avelino; M. T. M. Alvarenga; L. R. Nascimento · Pediatr Phys Ther2024Meta-analysisdoi:10.1097/pep.0000000000001092
- 21Assessment of clinical skills in cardiovascular physiotherapy: Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)I. T. Pecin Ferreira; A. K. Dias de Almeida Sabela; A. Junqueira; J. P. Prette Honório; C. E. Assumpção de Freitas; A. P. Coelho Figueira Freire; F. Lopes Pacagnelli · Fisioterapia em Movimento2024Otherdoi:10.1590/fm.2024.37128
- 22Implementation of an advanced practice role for oxygen prescription by physiotherapists in pulmonary rehabilitation: an explanatory sequential mixed-method quality evaluationT. F. Riegler; T. Marcin; P. Brun · BMC Health Serv Res2024Otherdoi:10.1186/s12913-024-12041-5
- 23Profile of cardiovascular diseases and physiotherapeutic intervention in a hospital emergency serviceP. V. Tonicante da Silva; G. Correia da Silva; L. Soares Alves; T. Ribeiro de Oliveira; F. Lopes Pacagnelli · Fisioterapia em Movimento2024Otherdoi:10.1590/fm.2024.37106
- 24Effect of physiotherapy intervention (chest physiotherapy) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a 72-year-old patient: a case reportI. Womboh; B. S. Bappah; P. A. Ewah; H. M. Ali; A. W. Awotidebe · Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy2024Case seriesdoi:10.1186/s43161-024-00194-7
- 25Effects of virtual exercise on cardio‐pulmonary performance and depression in cardiac rehabilitation phase I: A randomized control trialK. Yuenyongchaiwat; T. Boonkawee; P. Pipatsart; W. Tavonudomgit; N. Sermsinsaithong; P. Songsorn; N. Charususin; S. Harnmanop; P. Namdaeng; C. Kulchanarat; C. Thanawattano · Physiotherapy Research International2024RCTdoi:10.1002/pri.2066
- 26Exercise prescription by physiotherapists to patients with cardiovascular disease is in greater agreement with European recommendations after using the EXPERT training toolD. Hansen; N. Marinus; V. Cornelissen; W. Ramakers; K. Coninx · Med Educ Online2023Otherdoi:10.1080/10872981.2023.2182660
- 27Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Entry-Level Physical Therapist Competencies: Update by Academy of Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Physical Therapy Task ForceM. Johanson; P. Bartlo; N. Bauer; A. Campbell; S. Everett; N. Smith · Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)2023Otherdoi:10.1097/CPT.0000000000000232
- 28Exercise-based rehabilitation programmes for pulmonary hypertensionN. R. Morris; F. D. Kermeen; A. W. Jones; J. Y. Lee; A. E. Holland · Cochrane Database Syst Rev2023Otherdoi:10.1002/14651858.CD011285.pub3
- 29Pulmonary rehabilitation and physical interventionsT. Troosters; W. Janssens; H. Demeyer; R. A. Rabinovich · Eur Respir Rev2023Otherdoi:10.1183/16000617.0222-2022
- 30Does Training with a Simulation Stethoscope Facilitate the Acquisition of Cardiopulmonary Knowledge and Confidence in Doctor of Physical Therapy StudentsA. Vatwani; M. Morris; C. J. Hill; A. Fernandez-Fernandez · Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences & Practice2023OtherPMID 163576850
- 31Chest physiotherapy techniques administered by certified specialists to hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Brazil: A look towards future practiceM. S. Volpe; L. M. S. Dias; C. F. Leite; R. Annoni; F. M. Paro; A. C. O. Oliveira; M. Accioly; F. S. Guimaraes · Heart Lung2023Otherdoi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.06.005
- 32Long-term Telerehabilitation or Unsupervised Training at Home for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Controlled TrialP. Zanaboni; B. Dinesen; H. Hoaas; R. Wootton; A. T. Burge; R. Philp; C. C. Oliveira; J. Bondarenko; T. Tranborg Jensen; B. R. Miller; A. E. Holland · Am J Respir Crit Care Med2023RCTdoi:10.1164/rccm.202204-0643OC
- 33Individually tailored home-based physiotherapy program makes sustainable improvement in exercise capacity and daily physical activity in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertensionL. Butāne; L. Spilva-Ekerte; M. Šablinskis; A. Skride; D. Šmite · Ther Adv Respir Dis2022Otherdoi:10.1177/17534666221132477
- 34Individually Tailored Remote Physiotherapy Program Improves Participation and Autonomy in Activities of Everyday Life along with Exercise Capacity, Self-Efficacy, and Low-Moderate Physical Activity in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled StudyL. Butāne; L. Spilva-Ekerte; A. Skride; D. Šmite · Medicina (Kaunas)2022RCTdoi:10.3390/medicina58050662
- 35Clinical Effects of Rehabilitation on Balance in People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisM. B. Canales-Díaz; C. Olivares-Valenzuela; A. Ramírez-Arriagada; C. Cruz-Montecinos; J. Vilaró; R. Torres-Castro; R. Núñez-Cortés · Front Med (Lausanne)2022Meta-analysisdoi:10.3389/fmed.2022.868316
- 36The efficacy of aerobic training on the pulmonary functions of hemophilic A patients: a randomized controlled trialH. M. Fares; S. H. Ahmed; E. S. Farhat; M. S. Alshahrani; W. K. Abdelbasset · Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci2022RCTdoi:10.26355/eurrev_202206_28964
- 37Benchmarking service provision, scope of practice, and skill mix for physiotherapists in adult cystic fibrosis care deliveryK. Hall; L. Maxwell; R. Cobb; R. Chambers; M. Roll; S. C. Bell; S. Kuys · Physiother Theory Pract2022Otherdoi:10.1080/09593985.2020.1777606
- 38Effectiveness and safety of inspiratory muscle training in patients with pulmonary hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysisZ. Luo; H. Qian; X. Zhang; Y. Wang; J. Wang; P. Yu · Front Cardiovasc Med2022Meta-analysisdoi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.999422
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- 40Evidence based physiotherapy practice in cardiopulmonary subdiscipline: A survey in United Arab EmiratesG. K. Alaparthi; K. C. Bairapareddy; F. A. Hegazy; M. S. Kulkarni; K. Saif; F. Ali; R. Saeed; A. Mohammed; G. Fahad; S. A. Ali · Heliyon2021Cross-sectionaldoi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08098
- 41Exercise Training and Cardiac Rehabilitation in COVID-19 Patients with Cardiovascular Complications: State of ArtM. Calabrese; M. Garofano; R. Palumbo; P. Di Pietro; C. Izzo; A. Damato; E. Venturini; S. Iesu; N. Virtuoso; A. Strianese; M. Ciccarelli; G. Galasso; C. Vecchione · Life (Basel)2021Otherdoi:10.3390/life11030259
- 42Respiratory physiotherapy interventions focused on exercise training and enhancing physical activity levels in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are likely to be cost-effective: a systematic reviewG. Leemans; J. Taeymans; P. Van Royen; D. Vissers · J Physiother2021Systematic reviewdoi:10.1016/j.jphys.2021.08.018
- 43Effects of Physical Therapist Intervention on Pulmonary Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisM. Rutka; W. M. Adamczyk; P. Linek · Phys Ther2021Meta-analysisdoi:10.1093/ptj/pzab129
- 44Effectiveness of chest physiotherapy and pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a narrative reviewS. Annoni; A. Bellofiore; E. Repossini; M. Lazzeri; A. Nicolini; P. Tarsia · Monaldi Arch Chest Dis2020Narrative reviewdoi:10.4081/monaldi.2020.1107
- 45Guidelines for the Evaluation of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy in Stroke PatientsS. H. Cho; K. B. Choi · Healthcare (Basel)2020Otherdoi:10.3390/healthcare8030222
- 46Evaluation of a Health Care Performance Improvement Initiative to Facilitate Optimal Clinical Outcomes in Patients Receiving Ventricular Assist Device SupportK. L. Lockard; E. Dunn; N. Kunz; A. Pearsol; R. D. Schaub, Jr.; D. A. Severyn; D. Lohmann; M. McCall; B. Morelli; J. J. Teuteberg; R. L. Kormos; C. M. Sciortino; M. A. Dew · Prog Transplant2020Otherdoi:10.1177/1526924820958129
- 47Development of a physiotherapy-led bronchoscopy service: a regional hospital perspectiveJ. Lockstone; I. Boden; N. Zalucki; J. Darvas; S. Parkes · Aust Health Rev2020Narrative reviewdoi:10.1071/ah19144
- 48The Current Status of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physical Therapy: An Update of the Description of Specialty PracticeJ. Rodrigues; A. A. Campbell; E. Frese; S. Lowers; J. F. Norman; D. Stackowicz; J. Starr; M. Walko · Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)2020Otherdoi:10.1097/CPT.0000000000000121
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- 50Outpatient physical therapy cardiovascular assessment: Physical therapist perspective and experienceP. Albarrati Am Pt · Physiother Theory Pract2019Narrative reviewdoi:10.1080/09593985.2018.1458355
- 51Advancing Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy Practice in a Developing Country: Surveying and BenchmarkingR. Okasheh; E. Al-Yahya; L. Al-Khlaifat; N. Almasri; J. Muhaidat; D. Qutishat · Rehabil Res Pract2019Otherdoi:10.1155/2019/7682952
- 52Comparative effectiveness of aerobic, resistance, and combined training on cardiovascular disease risk factors: A randomized controlled trialE. C. Schroeder; W. D. Franke; R. L. Sharp; D. C. Lee · PLoS One2019RCTdoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210292
- 53Outpatient Physical Therapist Attitudes Toward and Behaviors in Cardiovascular Disease Screening: A National SurveyR. Severin; E. Wang; A. Wielechowski; S. A. Phillips · Physical Therapy2019Cross-sectionaldoi:10.1093/ptj/pzz042
- 54Essentials of Physiotherapy after Thoracic Surgery: What Physiotherapists Need to Know. A Narrative ReviewA. M. Ahmad · Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg2018Narrative reviewdoi:10.5090/kjtcs.2018.51.5.293
- 55Noninvasive ventilation and respiratory physical therapy reduce exercise-induced bronchospasm and pulmonary inflammation in children with asthma: randomized clinical trialM. M. C. David; E. Gomes; M. C. Mello; D. Costa · Ther Adv Respir Dis2018RCTdoi:10.1177/1753466618777723
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- 59Training in multiple breath washout testing for respiratory physiotherapistsK. O'Neill; J. S. Elborn; M. M. Tunney; P. O'Neill; S. Rowan; S. Martin; J. M. Bradley · Physiotherapy2018Otherdoi:10.1016/j.physio.2017.04.003
- 60Cardiorespiratory physiotherapy training and practice in AustraliaC. R. Osadnik · Breathe (Sheff)2018Otherdoi:10.1183/20734735.018318
- 61Exercise assessments and trainings of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: a literature reviewY. Zeng; F. Jiang; Y. Chen; P. Chen; S. Cai · Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis2018Narrative reviewdoi:10.2147/copd.S167098
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- 63Background and Expertise of Faculty Teaching Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Content in Entry-Level DPT ProgramsP. Bartlo; K. Lefebvre; R. Wellmon · Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)2017Otherdoi:10.1097/CPT.0000000000000046
- 64To Be or Not to Be a Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapist: Factors That Influence Career Choice in a Sample of Canadian PhysiotherapistsL. Hussey; D. Sredic; C. Bucci; I. R. Barrett; R. McLeod; T. Janaudis-Ferreira; D. Brooks · Physiother Can2017Otherdoi:10.3138/ptc.2016-22
- 65The role of physiotherapy in patients undergoing pulmonary surgery for lung cancer. A literature reviewF. Kendall; P. Abreu; P. Pinho; J. Oliveira; P. Bastos · Rev Port Pneumol (2006)2017Narrative reviewdoi:10.1016/j.rppnen.2017.05.003
- 66Exploring the clinical decision-making used by experienced cardiorespiratory physiotherapists: A mixed method qualitative design of simulation, video recording and think aloud techniquesD. Thackray; L. Roberts · Nurse Educ Today2017Qualitativedoi:10.1016/j.nedt.2016.11.003
- 67The emerging role of respiratory physiotherapy: A profile of the attitudes of nurses and physicians in Saudi ArabiaZ. Al Mohammedali; T. K. O'Dwyer; J. M. Broderick · Ann Thorac Med2016Otherdoi:10.4103/1817-1737.191873
- 68Importance Attributed to Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Competencies by Public Sector Physical Therapists in Kuwait: A Population-based Exploratory StudyN. Al-Sayegh; N. Al-Shuwai; S. M. Al-Obaidi; E. Dean · Physiother Res Int2016Otherdoi:10.1002/pri.1633
- 69Pulmonary Physical Therapy Techniques to Enhance Survival in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic ReviewC. E. Macpherson; C. C. Bassile · J Neurol Phys Ther2016Systematic reviewdoi:10.1097/npt.0000000000000136
- 70Preoperative physiotherapy in subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis qualified for lung transplantation: implications on hospital length of stay and clinical outcomesM. Polastri; A. Dell'Amore; G. Zagnoni; S. Nava · J Thorac Dis2016Otherdoi:10.21037/jtd.2016.03.52
- 71Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseM. A. Puhan; E. Gimeno-Santos; C. J. Cates; T. Troosters · Cochrane Database Syst Rev2016Otherdoi:10.1002/14651858.CD005305.pub4
- 72Cardiovascular and pulmonary physical therapy specialty practice: determining the current statusA. K. Swisher; A. Sciaky; A. A. Campbell; J. D. Lowman · Cardiopulm Phys Ther J2008OtherPMID 20467493